Homogeneous systems are key for an improved understanding of fundamental mechanistic details and catalyst’s structural features, which is essential for the development and optimization of efficient processes.

In the Apfel group we work on the activation and conversion of small molecules including the hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen activation and nitrate reduction. For our homogeneous systems we use transition metal based complexes with sophisticated ligand systems synthesized and specifically modified via organic synthesis as catalysts.

Beside Fe-S cluster bioinspired by the active site of the [FeFe] hydrogenase, we also utilize macrocyclic cyclam-based ligands analogously to the well-known Ni(cyclam) benchmark system for the CO₂ reduction reaction. Inspired by the bimetallic active sites of natural enzymes we are dealing also with ligands allow the coordination of two metal centers like bis-cyclam systems or (a)symmetric cryptands.

In addition, we aim to utilize such known and modified molecular systems in heterogeneous applications using immobilization approaches via pyrolysis or coupling to carbon nanotubes.